sexually transmitted infections

Looking upstream to prevent HIV transmission: can interventions with sex workers alter the course of HIV epidemics in Africa as they did in Asia?

High rates of partner change in ‘upstream’ sex work networks have long been recognized to drive ‘downstream’ transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). We used a stochastic microsimulation model (STDSIM) to explore such transmission dynamics in a generalized African HIV epidemic. METHODS:: We refined the quantification of sex work in Kisumu, Kenya, from the 4-cities study. Interventions with sex workers were introduced in 2000 and epidemics projected to 2020. We estimated the contribution of sex work to transmission, and modelled standard condom and STI interventions for three groups of sex workers at feasible rates of use and coverage. RESULTS:: Removing

Vulnerability to HIV infection among female drug users in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: a cross-sectional study

Women who use drugs are extremely vulnerable to HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), but studies on risk behaviours and HIV infection among female drug users are limited in Nepal. Methods In this cross-sectional study conducted between September 2010 and May 2011, HIV prevalence and risk factors for HIV infection were investigated among female drug users recruited in drop-in centres, parks and streets in the Kathmandu Valley. The participants completed face-to-face interviews for a structured questionnaire, HIV pre-test counselling, specimen collection for HIV test and they were provided with their results at post-test counselling. Results A total of 269 female

Nepal

Women who use drugs are extremely vulnerable to HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), but studies on risk behaviours and HIV infection among female drug users are limited in Nepal. Heterosexual contact is the most common mode of transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Nepal and it is largely linked to sex work. We assessed the non-use of condoms in sex work with intimate sex partners by female sex workers (FSWs) and the associated self-efficacy to inform the planning of STI/HIV prevention programmes in the general population. A research study on violence against lesbian

Overs

6 new frameworks have been published in 2011. Stand by for even more ‘definitions’ of decriminalisation and legalisation. by Cheryl Overs The recent Lancet publication of the HPTN 052 study has shown unequivocally that initiation of anti-retroviral treatment (ART) by people with HIV substantially protects their HIV-uninfected sexual partners from acquiring HIV infection, with a 96 percent reduction in risk of HIV transmission.[1] The announcement in June is a welcome confirmation of what many already suspected – that ART is prevention. The word ‘game-changer’ was, not surprisingly, all over the internet within hours of the publication of the announcement of the

human rights

An interview by Elaine Murphy and Karin Ringheim in Reproductive Health and Rights – Reaching the Hardly Reached. pp. 13-15. This report was published by PATH. An article in the Lancet Infectious Diseases, Volume 10, Issue 2, Page 67, February 2010. An article by Malini Sur of the Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Amsterdam published in the IIAS Newsletter. By Matthew Greenall, independent consultant According to reports, the new penal code currently being considered by Rwanda’s Senate includes a provision to criminalise sex work. The existing penal code, which dates from the 1970s, gives judicial authorities the option

hepatitis C

An article in Sex Transm Infect 2010;86:559e564. doi:10.1136/sti.2009.041731. Objectives Commercial sex male clients (CSMC) are at risk of sexually transmitted infections (STI) including HIV. This study reports the prevalence of HIV, syphilis and hepatitis C virus (HCV), a history of STI and HIV-related risk behaviours in a sample of 600 CSMC in three urban areas in Sichuan province, China. The risk factors for prevalent syphilis infection are also examined.

people who inject drugs

A research brief from the Programme for Research and Capacity Building in Sexual and Reproductive Health and HIV in Developing Countries. This brief accompanies a special issue of Sexually Transmitted Infections. Their research found: A policy brief from the Programme for Research and Capacity Building in Sexual and Reproductive Health and HIV in Developing Countries. This brief accompanies a special issue of Sexually Transmitted Infections and argues that a more cohesive approach to national STI control is needed in Pakistan through the following interventions:

Russia

An article in Sexually Transmitted Infections. An article by Grassly NC, Lowndes CM, Rhodes T, Judd A, Renton A and Garnett GP in the International Journal of Drug Policy (2003) Volume 14, Issue 1, pp. 25-43. A report by Crago A-L published by the Open Society Institute. The publication highlights the creative ways in which sex workers in eight countries have organized to defend their human rights and health

journal article

An article by Alary M, Mukenge-Tshibaka L, Bernier F, Geraldo N, Lowndes CM, Meda H, Gnintoungbé CAB, Anagonou S and Joly JR in AIDS (2002), vol. 16 no. 3, pp. 463-470. An article by Grassly NC, Lowndes CM, Rhodes T, Judd A, Renton A and Garnett GP in the International Journal of Drug Policy (2003) Volume 14, Issue 1, pp. 25-43. An article by in Sexually Transmitted Infections (2009) 85 (1) 50-59 Article by Shahmanesh M, Wayal S, Copas A, Patel V, Mabey D and Cowan F in JAIDS, Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (2009) – Volume 52 –

journal article

Sex workers, a stigmatized population, are also at risk for a host of sexually transmitted infections. As the marginalized women are typically reluctant to visit health clinics, mobile data collection devices are particularly useful to researchers and health workers dealing with this population.In Peru, outreach teams preventively treat the sex workers for infections with the medication metronidazole, in addition to screening them for chlamydia and other conditions. Metronidazole, however, causes headaches, nausea and abdominal pain in some patients.

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