the Human Rights Caucus and the Coalition Against Trafficking in Women (CATW) in the negotiations around the ‘Protocol to Suppress, Prevent and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children.’ It focuses in particular on how trafficking came to be defined, and the pivotal role played by the notion of ‘consent’. It examines how ‘consent’ emerged as the international standard for determining ‘trafficking in women’, placing current debates in historical context. Finally, it assesses the potential for the Trafficking Protocol to be used to promote sex workers’ and migrants’ human rights.